日粮中添加牛至精油对牛肉脂肪酸以及血液生化指标的影响

为研究日粮中添加牛至精油对牛肉脂肪酸以及血液生化指标含量的影响,试验选择10头体重相近、健康的荷斯坦奶公牛,随机平均分成试验组(每头添加牛至精油28 g/d)和对照组(未添加牛至精油),每组5头,相同环境下饲喂8个月后屠宰。结果显示:添加牛至精油组血液中总蛋白、白蛋白显著升高(P < 0.05);甘油三酯显著降低(P < 0.05);对半腱肌饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)均无显著影响(P > 0.05),但使多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著升高(P < 0.05),P/S值增大(P < 0.05),显著提高了油酸以及亚油酸含量。因此日粮中添加牛至精油可有效改善牛肉脂肪酸组成含量和血液生化指标。     

酵母培养物对泌乳期水牛生长性能、泌乳性能、养分消化及血液代谢指标的影响

文章旨在探讨饲料添加酵母培养物对泌乳早期至中期初产和经产水牛泌乳性能、养分消化及血液代谢指标的影响。试验选择平均体重为(520.4±10.5)kg的水牛24头,随机分为2组,每组12头,每个重复1头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,处理组在对照组日粮基础上添加12 g/kg酵母培养物,试验从分娩后15~180 d开始,记录采食量、体重和产奶量,并收集乳样本和血液样本进行分析。收集泌乳期早期45~47 d、泌乳期中期90~92 d的粪便,测定干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗纤维表观消化率,计算能量校正乳、饲料转化率、能量和氮利用效率。结果显示,酵母培养物组水牛较对照组提高了干物质和粗蛋白质的采食量(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组泌乳中期干物质和有机物表观消化率显著提高(P <0.05)。初产组水牛日粮添加酵母培养物较对照组显著提高了泌乳中期水牛粗纤维表观消化率(P <0.05)。添加酵母培养物后,总血脂水平显著降低(P <0.05),此外,酵母培养物处理组显著提高了初产水牛的产奶量、能量校正乳、脂肪和蛋白质产量(P <0.05)。结论:酵母培养物对水牛的影响与胎次有关,酵母培养物可以提高经产水牛干物质摄入量和粗纤维消化率,但对体重无显著影响,从而使能量校正乳产量更高,脂肪动员更少。日粮添加酵母培养物可以增加水牛泌乳早期的产奶量,并一直延续到泌乳中期,最终提高饲料转化率、能量和氮的利用效率。     

5-羟色胺对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响。试验选用30只巴美肉羊母羊,按体重随机分为3组,分别为对照组、5-羟基色胺酸(5-HTP)组(灌注5-HTP)和色氨酸(Trp)组(灌注Trp),每组10只。在母羊围产期产前第7天至产后第0天,进行颈静脉灌注,5-HTP和Trp的灌注剂量均为0.178 mg/kg BW,浓度为0.1 mg/mL;对照组灌注同等剂量的生理盐水。试验期为产前第7天至产后第30天。结果表明:1)各组间母羊体重无显著差异(P>0.05)。产后第5、9和15天,Trp组母羊泌乳量均低于对照组(P>0.05);产后第9和15天,5-HTP组母羊泌乳量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。产后第16~30天,5-HTP组羔羊平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)产后第15天,Trp组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第3、6和15天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第6天,Trp组血浆5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第30天,Trp组乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第6、9和30天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第3、6和15天,Trp组和5-HTP组血浆甲状旁腺素相关蛋白(PTHrP)浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,灌注5-HTP可以促进母羊泌乳,提高羊羔平均日增重;灌注5-HTP和Trp可以增加血浆和乳中钙、5-HT浓度及血浆PTHrP浓度。     

Effects of maternal subnutrition during early pregnancy on cow hematological profiles and offspring physiology and vitality in two beef breeds

This experiment evaluated the effects of subnutrition during early gestation on hematology in cows (Bos Taurus) and on hematological, metabolic, endocrine, and vitality parameters in their calves. Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica dams were inseminated and assigned to either a control (CONTROL, 100% requirements) or a nutrient‐restricted group (SUBNUT, 65%) during the first third of gestation. Dam blood samples were collected on days 20 and 253 of gestation, and calf samples were obtained during the first days of life. Pirenaica dams presented higher red series parameters than Parda de Montaña dams, both in the first and the last months of gestation. During early pregnancy, granulocyte numbers and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were lower in Pirenaica‐SUBNUT than in Pirenaica‐CONTROL cows. Calves from the SUBNUT cows did not show a physiological reduction in red series values in early life, suggesting later maturation of the hematopoietic system. Poor maternal nutrition affected calf endocrine parameters. Newborns from dystocic parturitions showed lower NEFA concentrations and weaker vitality responses. In conclusion, maternal nutrition had short‐term effects on cow hematology, Pirenaica cows showing a higher susceptibility to undernutrition; and a long‐term effect on their offspring endocrinology, SUBNUT newborns showing lower levels of IGF‐1 and higher levels of cortisol.     

Effects of direct exposure to cold weather under grazing in winter on the physiological,immunological, and behavioral conditions of Japanese Black beef cattle in central Japan

This study aimed to reveal the effects of direct exposure to cold weather under grazing in winter (GW) on the health of Japanese Black beef cattle, as assessed using physiological, immunological, and behavioral parameters. Ten Japanese Black beef cattle (328 ± 45 kg, 7.6 ± 3.4 years of age) were used in this experiment. In winter, five of the 10 cattle grazed for 2 months in a 1.8 ha pasture (GW), and the remaining cattle were fed under confined conditions with tethering (control [CT]). The two groups were fed similar feed during the experiment, except for the grazing forage. Blood samples were collected approximately every 2 weeks. The numbers of neutrophils and monocytes and antioxidant enzyme activity were higher in the GW group than in the CT group (p < 0.05). The proportions of CD4‐single‐positive cells were lower in GW cattle than in CT cattle (p = 0.06). This study showed that direct exposure of beef cattle to cold weather under GW enhanced the levels of circulating neutrophils and monocytes and contributed to the kinetic homeostasis of lymphocytes but also activated antioxidant enzymes due to an increase in oxidative stress.     

发酵桑叶对新晃黄牛生长性能、血液生化指标、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

在饲料中添加不同水平发酵桑叶,考察桑叶对新晃育肥黄牛生长性能、血液生化指标、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取25头22～26月龄、初始体质量(229.41±12.32)kg健康无病的新晃黄牛,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,4个试验组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%和35%的发酵桑叶,替代部分玉米秸秆、豆粕及酒糟等。结果表明,饲料中添加发酵桑叶对新晃黄牛日增体质量、日干物质采食量和料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,饲料中添加30%发酵桑叶可显著提高新晃黄牛眼肌面积且肌肉剪切力显著降低(P<0.05);饲料中添加发酵桑叶对新晃黄牛脂质代谢无显著影响(P>0.05);饲料中添加发酵桑叶可改善新晃黄牛抗氧化能力。综上所述,在饲料中添加30%发酵桑叶饲喂新晃黄牛,对其生长性能和脂质代谢无显著影响,但肉品质和机体免疫能力得到改善。     

红细胞存储损伤与临床输注不良后果间的关系

输血是流体复苏的重要组成部分,常用于急性大失血、烧伤、贫血以及严重创伤患者,在改善机体组织供氧和凝血功能、挽救生命的过程中起着无法替代的地位和作用。异体存储血液目前仍是输血的主要来源,然而,存储血液对于红细胞(RBCs)来说不是一种自然的存在状态。在低温存储过程中,RBCs在生化和能量代谢、氧化还原代谢、细胞形态等诸多方面经历了相当大的变化,且随着存储时间的延长,变化更加显著,即"存储损伤"。目前,RBCs存储损伤机制已经基本明确,但RBCs存储损伤是否会影响临床输注不良后果,一直是专家争论的焦点,也是输血界研究的热点。     

包被γ-氨基丁酸及其复合矿物质添加剂对西门塔尔肉牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

研究包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)复合微量元素添加剂对生长期肉牛生长性能及血液生化指标的影响。选择12月龄体重在407.22kg±21.36kg的西门塔尔肉牛45头,随机分为3组(对照组,试验1组,试验2组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上饲喂包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)复合矿物质微量元素。结果表明,平均日增重试验1组高于对照组,试验2组高于试验1组,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的浓度试验组与对照组相比,总体呈上升趋势,在第20、30、40、50、60天时试验2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。血清中总蛋白(TP)的含量在第20天时试验1组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在第40天时试验1组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的浓度在第20、30天时,试验1组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在第40、50、60天时,试验1组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示,添加包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)复合微量元素可以提高肉牛的体重,提高肉牛机体的免疫力,减少疾病的发生,且包被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)复合微量元素的作用效果要优于γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。